Energy & Cellular & Longevity

What labs study it for

Cell-energy research. Labs use it as a standard ingredient in enzyme tests and in studies of how cells produce energy, maintain their DNA, and regulate ageing-related enzymes called sirtuins.

What this compound is

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is not a peptide at all but a coenzyme: a small molecule present in every living cell, where it carries electrons between chemical reactions and serves as a substrate for enzymes including the sirtuins and PARPs. It is among the most studied molecules in cell biology and is used in laboratories as a defined reagent in enzyme assays and metabolic studies. Supplied as a research chemical; not approved for any medical use.

Chemical description

NAD+. Supplied lyophilized. Lot-specific HPLC and MS documentation accompanies each unit.

Studied in

Enzyme assays · Redox metabolism · Sirtuin and PARP biology

What labs study it for

Mitochondria and cell-energy research. Labs use it to study how mitochondria, the cell's power plants, send signals to the rest of the cell, including the AMPK energy-sensing pathway.

What this compound is

MOTS-c is a peptide of sixteen amino acids, unusual in its origin: it is encoded not by the cell nucleus but by mitochondrial DNA, within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene. Peptides of this kind are called mitochondrial-derived peptides, and MOTS-c was among the first identified. Laboratory research examines its role in AMPK signalling and folate-methionine metabolism, and its behaviour as a signalling molecule between mitochondria and the rest of the cell, principally in cell culture and rodent models.

Chemical description

MOTS-c. Supplied lyophilized. Lot-specific HPLC and MS documentation accompanies each unit.

Studied in

Mitochondrial signalling · AMPK pathway · Metabolic regulation models